Think of it as like the law of the conservation of momentum: the gender in a system is constant if there is no external force acting on the system.
Here’s how it works: burial discovered with two skeletons; spear near one interpreted as evidence for that body being male. Analysis of bones show that this body is in fact female: conservation of gender ensues: spear reassigned as no longer associated with the buried woman. Gender conserved: system stays the same.
Now in this account, I am an external force acting on the system.
The story, courtesy of Zenobia, Empress of the East, where Judith Weingarten covered this thoroughly back on October 6, starts in September:
Italian archaeologists discovered a remarkable, intact Etruscan burial at Tarquinia…. Within the burial chamber was the complete skeleton of an individual resting on a stone platform with an iron spear lying alongside the body…. a still unopened jewellery box on the opposite narrower platform hints at more treasures to come. On that platform, too, were the incinerated remains of a second person, presumably his wife….
Osteological analysis (reported on 26 September) indicates that the body on the bigger platform was that of a woman who was 35 – 40 years old when she died. And the incinerated corpse on the narrower platform belonged to a male….[Prof. Mandolesi said] “The lance, in all probability, was deposited as a symbol of the union between the two deceased.”
The story started making the rounds in the press this weekend, with headlines emphasizing that scientific analysis had determined the skeleton originally associated with the spear is actually female.
By late today, the US media were reprinting the story (including discussing Weingarten’s blog post) under a uniform headline, He or she? Prince in ancient tomb might actually be princess.
Throughout the reporting, despite Weingarten’s trenchant clarification of the original mistake– which was assigning gender based on associated artifacts assumed to belong to one sex— the media seemed to be unable to understand her other point:
the newly-identified lady still doesn’t get credited with her own lance. The thought doesn’t even arise that it might be a symbol of her power and authority rather than the weapon of a warrior.
If the spear head was associated with the body originally, considered property of that person, then it is inconsistent to change its ownership.
That’s conservation of gender: Spear points are male. So the lady cannot own one.
The thought doesn’t even arise that it might be a symbol of her power and authority rather than the weapon of a warrior.
The closest the media can get to this: maybe instead of a warrior prince, she is a warrior princess.
The thought doesn’t even arise that it might be a symbol of her power and authority.
Conservation of gender. Girls aren’t powerful or authoritative.
It might be a symbol of her power and authority.
And that is how you bring an external force to act on a system.
Jocelyn
October 22, 2013
Thank you for making this point! So so important in archaeology.
Kristina Killgrove (@DrKillgrove)
October 22, 2013
Assigning gender based on grave goods is still very prevalent in bioarchaeology in Italy, unfortunately. While I do hope the burial with the spear turns out to be female (as it brings up awesome discussions of gender assumptions in the present day and in Etruscan society), I am waiting for the official osteological report. I’m not sure why LiveScience ran with the age and sex estimation from the field (via a blog), but the remains of the inhumed burial and cremation burial are currently being properly studied in a lab. Honestly, from the high res pictures a reporter sent me, the skeleton appeared to be male, but it is very friable and fragmentary, so I wouldn’t be surprised either way.
Rosemary Joyce
October 23, 2013
Thanks for the comments on the sexing. I was unable to find anything convincing about that, and appreciate your weighing in. No matter what happens to his/her poor bones, though, the fact that there was this reversal of opinion and that the archaeologist in charge still wanted to keep the spear male (no matter what sex the body is) fascinates me, so I am delighted this got published…
Kristina Killgrove (@DrKillgrove)
October 23, 2013
For further laughs, here are some pics published today of other artifacts in the tomb. No mention of the spear, but the rest of the artifacts are just as hopelessly gendered… http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/etruscan-tombs-contents-up-close-131023.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1
Kristina Killgrove (@DrKillgrove)
October 23, 2013
And this headline is, well, expected: http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/entombed-etruscan-was-expert-embroiderer-131023.htm
Rosemary Joyce
October 24, 2013
Painful. Both painful. You’re killing me here…
judithweingarten
October 29, 2013
I quite agree that we should await the lab reports but the fun and games continue nonetheless. As Kristina Killgrove notes, the female skeleton is now ‘The Embroiderer’. Near her feet (and I’ll continue to assume it’s a she) was a bronze-plated pyxis: X-rays showed bronze & silver needles inside plus what might be a spindle whorl. So the archaeologists called another press conference to declare it ‘The tomb of the embroiderer’. In this report, the spear has disappeared entirely. That a woman of the ancient world worked textiles is hardly news, yet it has now taken over. Gender fully conserved.
A friend wrote me that she woke up from a bad dream thinking of how many Etruscan women buried with weapons were assumed to be male … and we’ll never know.
The good dream will be: we’ll get Etruscan DNA.
judithweingarten
November 3, 2013
More on this story at http://judithweingarten.blogspot.it/2013/11/how-prince-became-princess-part-ii.html
Rosemary Joyce
November 3, 2013
“This is conservation of gender with knobs on”–
could not have said it better myself. And also illustrates the way that high end textile production itself, usually an occupation of women, can be trivialized…
740TAO
January 21, 2015
Reblogged this on LMGTFY.